基于拖曳锚轨迹方程的拖曳锚系泊优化分析

拖曳锚系泊作为目前海洋工程使用最为广泛的系泊方式，因其较低的制造和安装成本使其成为小型浮式平台系泊方式的首选。目前拖曳式系泊设计大多根据以往工程经验进行选择设计，由于经验设计中并没过多的泥面表面及以下锚链安装信息，因此在设计之初很难对系泊材料用量准确计算。不同重量的拖曳锚在同样的嵌深和同样的锚倾角条件下，所能提供的系泊力大不相同。同时，不同重量的拖曳锚的在相同土壤条件下拖曳嵌入轨迹不同，因而最大埋深不同。上述两方面原因导致不同重量的拖曳锚提供的系泊力不一样。因此，需要达到同样的系泊效果，泥线以下反悬链线和卧底链的长度在不同重量锚的系泊系统中是不同的。参照系泊成本各个分项在其生命周期各阶段的占比，材料制造成本与安装成本占据系泊成本的大部分，且安装成本往往正比于材料成本。因此降低系泊锚链的材料成本对整个系泊系统的成本降低起到了巨大的优化作用。通过结合拖曳锚的极限平衡法拖曳轨迹理论方程，以不同重量的拖曳锚在粘性土壤中的不同拖曳距离下提供额定系泊力时所需要的材料重量为系泊成本评价依据，从而得到浮式结构物系泊系统的一种设计优化方法。

Optimization Analysis of Drag Anchor Mooring Based on Drag Anchor Trajectory Equation

Drag anchor mooring is currently the most widely used mooring method in offshore engineering. Due to its lower manufacturing and installation costs, it becomes the first choice for small floating platform mooring methods. At present, most drag mooring designs are selected based on previous engineering experience. Because there is not too much mud surface and the following anchor chain installation information in the experience design, it is difficult to accurately calculate the required amount of mooring materials at the beginning of the design. Drag anchors of different weights can provide different mooring forces at the same depth and the same inclination of the anchor fluke. This also results in different lengths of the inverse catenary and lying sections of the mooring chain. . At the same time, the drag embedded trajectories of drag anchors of different weights under the same soil conditions are also different, which also results in different drag anchor penetration depths, and the drag forces provided by the drag anchors are also different, which also leads to total length consisting of inverse catenary and lying sections of the mooring chain are different. The composition of the mooring cost is based on the proportion of each stage of its life cycle. The material manufacturing cost and installation cost account for most of the mooring cost, and the installation cost is often proportional to the material cost. Therefore, reducing the material cost of the mooring anchor chain would reduce the cost mooring cost, which has played a huge optimization role. The floating structure mooring system is designed by combining the drag trajectory theoretical equation of the drag anchor"s limit equilibrium method, and bases on the weight of the material required by the drag anchors with different weights to provide the rated mooring force at different drag distances in clay.