照度与纵坡耦合作用下海底隧道出入口段驾驶人视觉特征分析与建模

为研究照度与纵坡耦合作用下海底隧道出入口段驾驶人视觉特征变化规律，选取26名驾驶人在交通状况相近的非高峰时段进行海底隧道实车试验。利用视觉仪、照度计等采集真实交通状态下照度、驾驶人眼睑闭合度、注视时长、车速及位置数据，分析驾驶人受不同照度及纵坡耦合作用下眼睑闭合度、注视时长和行车速度的变化规律，并分别建立眼睑闭合度、注视时长、车速与照度和坡度的数学模型。研究结果表明：驾驶人驾车通过海底隧道出入口段时，眼睑闭合度明显降低，受照度影响作用效果显著；注视时长增加，受照度作用效果显著；注视点多分布于前方车辆；车速呈现下降-上升-趋于平缓-下降-上升的规律，且受照度和纵坡坡度耦合作用效果显著。

Analysis and Modeling of Drivers' Visual Characteristics at Entrance and Exit of Undersea Tunnel with Coupling of Illuminance and Longitudinal Slope

To analyze drivers' visual characteristics at the entrance and exit of undersea tunnel, this study carried out the real vehicle test with 26 drivers operating in the off peak period under similar traffic conditions. The data of illuminance, eyelid closure, gaze duration, vehicle speed and position were collected using the vision instrument and illuminance meter under the real traffic condition. The change rules of eyelid closure, gaze duration and driving speed were analyzed under the coupling effect of different illuminances and longitudinal slopes. The mathematical models were proposed to describe the co- relations between eyelid closure, gaze duration, driving speed and illuminance and slope. The results show that: when driving through the entrance and exit section of the undersea tunnel, (1) driver's eyelid closure is significantly reduced, and the illuminance has significant impact on eyelid closure; (2) the fixation time is increased, which is significantly affected by illuminance; (3) the fixation points are mostly distributed on the front vehicles; (4) the vehicle speed shows a trend of decline- rise, then keep steady, and then decline-rise. The illuminance and longitudinal slope also have significant impact on vehicle speed.