基于机动车比功率的单点信号配时优化模型

为减少车辆延误和交通排放，基于机动车比功率提出信号交叉口红、绿灯期间污染物排放因子的标定方法.根据运筹学和交通流理论，以车辆延误和排放最小为目标建立单点交叉口信号配时优化模型.考虑小汽车尾气中的CO、HC和NOx三种污染物，利用 VISSIM 软件设计交通仿真实验，使用MATLAB软件编制参数标定和模型求解算法，根据车辆行驶状况数据标定每条车道组每种污染物的两类排放因子，并验证双目标信号配时优化模型.结果表明，与仅降低延误相比，双目标优化模型所获最优信号配时方案能使车均延误降低19%、交通排放减少11%.研究成果能有效减少交叉口延误和排放，为建立考虑交通排放的干道信号配时优化模型奠定理论基础.

An Optimization Model of Signal Timing for Isolated Intersections Based on Vehicle Specific Power

To reduce vehicle delays and traffic emissions, a method of calibrating the emission factors during red and green for a signalized intersection is proposed on the basis of vehicle specific power. According to operations research and traffic flow theory, the optimization model of signal timing is presented for an isolated intersection. The objectives of the model are to minimize the vehicle delays and traffic emissions. Considering the three pollutants of CO, HC and NOx in car exhaust, traffic simulation experiments are designed using the VISSIM software, the algorithms of calibrating the model parameters and solving the optimization models are programmed using the MATLAB software. In view of the vehicle running data, two categories of emission factors for each lane group and each pollutant are both calibrated, and the proposed biobjective signal timing optimization model is validated. The results show that, compared with only minimizing the vehicle delays, the optimal signal timing scheme obtained by the bi- objective optimization model makes the average delay per vehicle and traffic emissions decrease by 19% and 11%, respectively. The research can effectively decrease vehicle delays and emissions for an intersection and provide a theoretical basis for developing the arterial signal timing optimization models with the concern of traffic emissions.