地铁火灾危险性的模糊综合评判

目前地铁及隧道火灾的研究注重于某一方面,如对通风、烟气流动、火灾载荷等进行模拟和实验,或者从防止火灾的总体角度进行定性评价和论述,少有对其发生火灾危险性进行定量综合分析和评价。本文从安全管理、消防设计、消防设备和应急设备等4方面建立了地铁火灾危险性的评价体系,探讨了利用模糊数学理论对其进行定量综合评价的方法和过程。文中的分析过程给出了一阶和二阶模糊综合评判,实际应用时,阶数可根据情况有所增减,同时权重系数及模糊评判矩阵的确定应综合各方面意见。实例分析的结果表明,利用模糊综合评判对地铁火灾危险性进行综合评价是可行的。该方法可以找出定性评价地铁火灾危险性的不足之处,为地铁性能化防火设计以及运营管理提供有益的参考。

Comprehensive Fuzzy Evaluation of Subway Fire Danger

Research on subway and tunnel fires is currently one-aspect limited,such as simulation and experimental study on ventilation,smoke flow,fire load,or general qualitative evaluation on preventing fires,and is generally lack of quantitative evaluation of danger of the fires.The subway fire danger evaluation system is established in respect of the safety management,fire control design,fire fighting equipment and emergency equipment.The comprehensive quantitative evaluation method and process are discussed on the basis of the fuzzy mathematics theory.One and two-rank fuzzy evaluation is made,however, the number of ranks may be increased or decreased according to practical conditions,and the weighting coefficient and fuzzy evaluation matrix may be determined under comprehensive consideration.Case study shows that comprehensive fuzzy evaluation facilitates comprehensive evaluation of subway fire danger and helps find out the shortage of qualitative evaluation.Beneficial references are provided for fire control design and operation management of subways.