基于可拓学的生态影响评价方法在铁路选线中的应用

针对铁路工程选线的特点,从生态环境影响的评价指标选取入手,用优势度指数、均匀度指数、树木生长率等18项指标反映铁路工程建设对生态环境影响的各个方面。采用可拓学理论中优度评价法建立评价模型,按照确定待评物元、确定权系数、筛除不满足必备条件方案、建立关联函数并计算合格度、合格度规范化、计算优度等步骤进行定量的分析评价。通过对各待评方案优度值的比较,进行合理方案的选取。运用该评价方法对工程实例进行的评价分析证明,该方法具有简单、直观等优点,为在考虑铁路建设的生态环境问题基础上的线路方案选择提供一种新的综合评价方法。

Application of Assessment Method of Ecological Impact in Railway Route Selection Based on Extenics Theory

According to the characteristics of railway route selection and starting with the choice of evaluation indexes for the impact on ecological environment,eighteen indexes,such as superiority index,evenness index,growth rate of tree and etc,are chosen to reflect various aspects of the impacts of the railway project construction on the ecological environment.Superiority index method in extenics theory is used to set up an assessment model for quantitative analysis and evaluation in terms of deciding the matter-element to be evaluated,fixing the weighing coefficient,evaluating and screening schemes dissatisfying necessary conditions,establishing dependent function and calculating acceptance degree,standardization,and calculating superiority index, etc.Different route scheme is accepted or rejected logically by comparing the superiority index of each project.The assessment method is concretely analyzed by the application of one project case.Results indicate that the approach is simple and intuitionistic.A new and synthetic evaluating model is provided for evaluating and selecting optimized railway route scheme under the conditions that the ecological environment is affected by the new railway project.