基于基本属性的高速公路公共政策研究

为了使高速公路公共政策符合高速公路自身的发展规律,利用公路经济学与福利经济学的基本原理,分析了高速公路公共政策的内涵,从服务角度出发,研究了高速公路自然垄断性、准公共产品性和外部性,提出了针对高速公路这三种基本属性的高速公路的公共政策。针对自然垄断性的政策是打破市场封锁,合理引入竞争机制,激励与约束并进,加强对高速公路有效监管;针对准公共产品性的政策是实现具有内部相互制衡机制的高速公路民营化,以缓解高速公路建设资金的不足;针对外部性的政策是通过税收和高速公路建设与土地利用的一体化规划,优化高速公路资源的合理配置。这些政策可以促进中国高速公路公共政策制定的科学性与客观性,推进中国高速公路建设和运营快速与平稳发展。

Study of expressway public policies based on basic attributes

In order to make expressway public policies suit expressway development laws, the principles of highway economics and welfare economics were applied, the connotations of expressway public policies were analyzed, the natural monopoly attribute, common product attribute and external attribute of expressway were studied aimed to service perspective, some public policies of expressway were put forward according to its three kinds of basic attributes. Aimed at the natural monopoly attribute, the policy is to break blockaded market, rationally lead into competitive system, reinforce stimulation and restraint system, so that the effective supervision and management of expressway are carried out. Aimed at the common product attribute, the policy is to realize expressway privatization with inner restraint system for easing the deficiency of expressway construction fund. Aimed at the external attribute, the policy is to optimize expressway resource collocation by tax and the integration planning of expressway construction and land utilization. The policies can improve expressway public policies scientifically and objectively, and promote the rapid and stable development expressway construction and operation in China. 7 refs.