海洋溢油生态损害评估研究进展

近年来,中国沿海溢油事故频发,造成了严重的生态破坏和巨大的经济损失,然而由于评估方法和索赔机制的不健全,往往得不到应有的赔偿。文章介绍了国内外在司法实践中应用较多的溢油损害评估方法,主要有美国的自然资源损害评估技术和生境等价分析技术、中国的渔业损害评估和“塔斯曼海”轮溢油索赔案中的生态损害评估方法,分析了中国在索赔机制与评估方法上与发达国家的差距,最后结合工作实践,提出中国应尽快制定并完善相关法律,建立船舶油污保险和油污损害赔偿基金制度,积极探索新的溢油损害评估模型与方法,并制定适用于中国不同海域的国家标准与规范。

Study on assessment for eco-environmental damage caused by oil spill

During the last decades,oil spills from ships ocurre frequently in China water area,which results in serious environment pollution and great economic losses to China.However,there is no enough damage assessment methods and compensiton system,china is unable to get adequate amends.The paper introduced several assessment methods in different countries,such as NRDA and HEA in the USA and fishery damage evaluation method in China,and then,put stress on the ecological environment damage assessment method.Finally,puts forward some ideas on the assessment method developing direction.