有轨电车轮轨型面匹配问题的研究

利用轮轨型面测量仪测量大量即将磨耗到限的车轮踏面和钢轨轨头型面(简称旧轮和旧轨型面),从中选取具有一般性的型面建立三维有限元模型,分别研究了新旧车轮与新旧钢轨配合接触问题。通过几种轮轨接触模型的计算,总结了不同模型的接触斑面积、形状、位置,以及接触力分布和等效应力的变化规律,并分析了旧轮和旧轨被挤压出飞边的原因。结果表明:新轮-旧轨接触模型的接触斑面积较小,等效应力较大,接触位置在轨顶的两侧,说明磨耗到限旧轮踏面被镟修成标准轮踏面形状的不合理性。旧轮-旧轨配合,与其他模型相比接触斑面积最大,轮轨匹配相对较好,因此,适应旧轨轨头型面的车轮踏面形状设计对于减缓轮轨磨耗具有重要的意义。

Research on Matching of Railway Wheel and Rail Profiles

General profiles chosen from worn wheel profiles and railheads(old wheel and rail profile for short) measured by the wheel-rail profile admeasuring apparatus were used to build the finite element models,and the new/old wheel-rail contact problems were analyzed respectively.Through calculation the areas,shapes and positions of the contact spots and the changing laws of distribution of contact forces and ecuivalent stresses were generalized for different wheel-rail contact models,and the reasons of the old wheel & rail rag generation were found.The results show as fdlows: for the model of new wheel and old rail,the contactspot area is small,the peak point of the equivalent stress is large and the contact position is on two sides of the railhead,which indicates that cutting the old wheel tread to the original profile is unjustifiable;compared with other models,the contact model of the old wheel and old rail has the largest contact spot area and best wheel-rail matching,which indicates design of the wheel tread turned to adapt to the old railhead profile is of significance to reduce wear of the wheel tread and railhead profile.