城市客运交通引入电动汽车二氧化碳减排量研究——以哈尔滨市为例

新能源车辆引入城市客运交通,是解决环境污染的有效方法之一.从二氧化碳排放量角度出发,通过扩展二氧化碳排放"自下而上"的研究思路和计算方法,以哈尔滨为案例计算了城市客运交通的总能耗及二氧化碳总排放量.通过分析《省级温室气体清单编制指南(试行)》计算城市客运交通二氧化碳排放的局限性,从交通使用者角度出发,即根据分车型运距、油耗、电耗、气耗等数据,计算城市客运交通的总能耗,乘以相应的排放因子,计算二氧化碳的排放量.以汽油和柴油燃料汽车作为纯电动汽车(BEV)的替代对象,考虑完全替代的极限情况,计算城市客运交通引入BEV车辆二氧化碳的减排量,并对单位能耗、单位电耗、电力二氧化碳排放因子等影响因素进行分析.通过计算可知, 2015年哈尔滨市城市客运交通排放二氧化碳总量为290.1万t,其中,汽油和柴油燃料车辆排放二氧化碳为153.9万t.考虑采用BEV车辆代替全部汽油和柴油车辆,可实现41.3万t/年的二氧化碳减排量. 

Emission Reduction of CO2 Caused by BEV in Urban Passenger Transport:A Case Study of Harbin

Operation of new energy vehicles in urban passenger transport is one of effective ways to solve environmental pol-lution.From the view of CO2 emissions,the whole process of energy production is comprehensively considered to calculate total energy consumption and total CO2 emissions of urban passenger traffic in Harbin.Limitation of calculation CO2 emissions based on Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines(For Trial Implementation)is analyzed.A new computational method is de-veloped from the view of traffic users.According to traffic data including vehicle distance,fuel consumption,power consumption, and gas consumption,the total energy consumption(i.e.activity level) of urban passenger traffic is calculated,then multiplied by corresponding emission factor to calculate the amount of CO2 emissions.An extreme case that BEV vehicles completely replace gasoline or diesel fuel vehicles is simulated,the emission reduction of CO2 in urban passenger traffic which caused by BEV vehi-cles can be calculated.Influencing factors of unit energy consumption,unit power consumption,and power factors of CO2 emis-sions are analyzed.The results show that the total CO2 emissions from urban passenger transport is 29.01 million t in 2015.A-mong them,CO2 emissions of gasoline and diesel fuel vehicles is to 15.39 million t.Emission reduction of CO2 achieves to 413 000 t per year when BEV can replace all gasoline and diesel vehicles.