高速公路绿化若干问题的探讨

应用生态绿化和生态恢复的基本原理,分析了高速公路的绿化问题。研究认为,目前国内在高速公路景观绿化、植物系统的结构、外来物种和挖方边坡绿化等方面存在认识的误区。指出生态功能是高速公路绿化的基本功能,高速公路景观绿化必须服从生态恢复的基本规律,保证植物系统在物种结构、时空结构和营养结构上的异质性;提出外来物种的引种应遵循限制性原则;挖方边坡绿化设计应遵循边坡稳定、水土保持、自然恢复、条件适应和景观协调的原则。高速公路绿化景观与交通功能的评价应充分考虑绿化的动态效应,对于局部特殊路段应通过动态视觉分析验证设计的绿化效果。

Discussion on Several Problems of Expressway Virescence

According to the fundamental principles of ecological virescence and ecological restoration,certain problems of domestic expressway virescence were discussed.Analysis demonstrates that there are some inaccurate cognition in aspects of the landscape virescence of expressway,the structure of vegetation community,the extrinsic vegetation and the virescence on excavation slope.It was pointed out that the essential function of expressway virescence is to protect ecosystem,hence the landscape virescence of expressway must follow the basic regularity of ecological restoration.That is to say,during the process of landscape greening in expressway the heterogeneity of vegetation community in vegetation species structure,time-space character and nutrition structure should be assured;what is more,the restrictive principle should be followed while introducing extrinsic vegetation,and the principles of keeping the stabilization of slope,conserving soil and water,renewing nature,adapting condition and harmonizing with landscape in the virescence design of excavation slope should also be followed.The dynamic effect of virescence should be considered in the evaluation of landscape virescence of expressway and function of transport,and the dynamic effect of some sections of a highway should be checked by dynamic vision analysis.