载人潜器耐压球出入舱口加强形式对比研究

耐压球是载人潜器的主要承压结构形式之一,是保证潜器内部设备及人员安全的重要装备.耐压球壳上设有人员出入舱开口,对结构的强度影响较大,因此在进行耐压球壳设计时,通常会对于耐压球人员出入的开口进行加强设计,以降低开孔对于耐压球局部强度及刚度产生的影响.目前,我国对于出入舱口加强形式的设计并没有明确的规范要求.同时,尽管在设计时对于加强形式的确定需按照耐压壳的应用范围、加工条件的不同而区别选择,但目前尚无明确的依据或技术梳理.本文以一载人装备逃逸舱耐压球结构为基础,通过对于圆柱围壁加强、嵌入式围壁加强、壳板加强以及组合加强等开口加强形式的非线性强度极限分析,探讨不同开口加强形式的结构特点,为耐压球出入舱口形式的选择与设计提供技术依据.

Comparative study on strengthening form of access hatch of manned spherical pressure hull

Spherical pressure hull is one of the main pressure bearing structures of manned submersible, and it is an important equipment to ensure the safety of the equipment and personnel inside the submersible. The spherical shell is equiped with personnel access hatches, which have great influences on the strength of the structure. Therefore, strengthening designs to the hatch areas are usually applied to reduce the local influence on the strength and stiffness of the pressure hull. At present, there are no explicit standard requirements to the design of the access hatch strengthening forms. Meanwhile, although the determination of which strengthening form is applied during design is in accordance with the pressure hull application range and processing conditions, there are no clear technical basis or cardings. In this paper, an escape capsule pressure spherical structure is selected as study object, nonlinear strength limits of the pressure hulls with cylindrical wall strengthening, embedded wall strengthening, shell strengthening and combined strengthening forms are carried out. Structural characteristics of pressure hulls with different strengthening forms are dicussed, which provides technical basis for the selection and design of the access hatches of spherical pressure hulls.