船舶轴系推力轴承油膜刚度与综合支承刚度测量

在船舶推进轴系中,推力轴承刚度常取决于其油膜刚度、轴承及其基座的结构刚度。通常所指的推力轴承刚度只包含油膜刚度。因此文中把既考虑油膜刚度又考虑轴承及其基座的结构刚度综合而成的刚度定义为推力轴承综合支承刚度,进而详细给出了推力轴承油膜刚度与综合支承刚度的测量方法。借助此方法,对实验室一缩比的推力轴承实验台的油膜刚度与综合支承刚度进行了测量,获得了良好的结果。实验表明,推力轴承油膜刚度随转速上升而下降;综合支承刚度随外激励频率上升而下降,在推力轴承—基座共振频率处降为零;低频激励时,油膜刚度与综合支承刚度大小近似相等,此时对轴系的动力学建模可以只考虑油膜刚度;高频激励时,综合支承刚度远小于油膜刚度,此时对轴系动力学建模必须考虑综合支承刚度,只考虑油膜刚度会带来较大误差。实验结果对船舶推进轴系的设计及动力学分析有指导意义。

Experiment of oil-film stiffness and composite support stiffness of thrust bearing in marine propulsion shafting

In marine propulsion shafting, the stiffness of the thrust bearing depends on the oil-film stiffness, structure stiffness of the bearing and its base. And, the thrust bearing stiffness only includes the oil-film stiffness. So in this paper, the comprehensive stiffness including both the oil-film stiffness and the bearing and its base structure stiffness is defined as the composite support stiffness. The method of measurement for the oil-film stiffness and the composite support stiffness is investigated and then the experiment is carried by this method in a scaled thrust bearing test board. The good experiment results are obtained. It shows that the oil-film stiffness decreases as the rotational speed rise. The composite support stiffness decreases as the excitation frequency rise and is equal to zero in the base resonance frequency. The oil-film stiffness and the composite support stiffness are approximately equal in low-frequency excitation. Then only the oil-film stiffness may be considered in the dynamic model of the shaft. The composite support stiffness is consider-ably larger than the oil-film stiffness in high-frequency excitation. Then the composite support stiffness mustbe considered in the dynamic model of the shaft and it brings big errors only to consider the oil-film stiff-ness. These conclusions can provide a reference and guidance to the design and dynamic analysis of marine propulsion shafting.