超速行为干预措施研究现状及发展趋势

为了提出能够有效遏制超速行为的干预措施，明确已有超速行为干预措施的实际效果、适用条件、优缺点及结合措施效果，对该领域内相关文献进行了系统性综述。根据系统性综述和元分析首选报告准则（PRISMA），将超速行为及其干预措施作为关键词，分别从11个电子数据库中搜索与超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志和智能超速干预系统相关文献，通过构建文献质量评价指标体系对这些文献进行评估，筛选出101篇相关文献，并对其研究结果进行了叙述性地综合分析。研究结果表明：超速抓拍系统、反超速宣传、超速警告标志及智能超速干预系统具有不同程度的超速干预效果，且受一些道路交通环境条件及人为因素的影响。具体地，对于超速抓拍系统，区间式超速抓拍系统的干预效果最好，而移动式超速抓拍系统最差；对于反超速宣传，户外广告的超速干预效果最好，但印刷类广告作用不大；对于超速警告标志，超速张贴标志具有较显著的干预效果；警告型动态速度显示标志的超速干预效果优于标准型动态速度显示标志；对于智能超速干预系统，强制型智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最佳，自愿型智能超速干预系统效果最差；对于结合措施，多数结合措施较单个措施的超速干预效果更好。总体而言，超速抓拍系统和智能超速干预系统的超速干预效果最好，超速警告标志次之，反超速宣传效果较差，结合措施可增强干预效果。上述结果可为超速行为干预措施的选择或提出奠定理论基础。针对已有超速干预措施的局限性及影响因素尚不明朗的问题，后续研究需优化试验或调查方案，进一步探究超速干预措施的效果及影响因素，并基于大数据（如车辆轨迹、视频数据）提出新的干预措施。

Systematic Review on Anti-speeding Countermeasure Research

To conceive effective anti-speeding countermeasures and determine practical effectiveness, adaptation conditions, advantages and disadvantages of existing anti-speeding countermeasures, and the effectiveness of combined countermeasures,relevant literature were systematically reviewed. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines, speeding and its corresponding countermeasures were regarded as keywords. In this study, 11 electronic databases were employed to search for relevant literature regarding the automated speed enforcement system, anti-speeding advertising measure, speeding warning sign, and intelligent speed adaptation system. Literature quality assessment indexes were established to evaluate the searched literature. In total, 101 studies were included in the review. Findings of the studies were synthesized in a narrative analysis. The research results indicate that the automated speed enforcement system, anti-speeding advertising measure, speeding warning sign, and intelligent speed adaptation system have varying anti-speeding effectiveness, which are affected by some road, traffic, and environmental conditions and human factors. Specifically, with regard to the automated speed enforcement system, the point-to-point speed enforcement system outperforms others, whereas the mobile speed camera system follows others; with respect to the anti-speeding advertising measure, outdoor advertisement outperforms other advertising measures, whereas print advertisement has little effect; as for the speeding warning sign, public posting of speeding information has a significant anti-speeding effectiveness; moreover, the warning dynamic speed display sign is superior to the standard one; as for the intelligent speed adaptation system, the compulsory intelligent speed adaptation system performs better than the others; however, the voluntary intelligent speed adaptation system demonstrates the worst performance. Additionally, most combined anti-speeding countermeasures perform better than a single countermeasure. In summary, the automated speed enforcement system outperforms three other anti-speeding measures, followed by the intelligent speed adaptation system, speeding warning sign, and anti-speeding advertising measure. Furthermore, combined countermeasures evidently improve intervention effectiveness. The abovementioned findings provide evidences for the selection and conceivement of anti-speeding countermeasures. Aimed at overcoming the limitations and determining the unclear influence factors of the existing anti-speeding measures, future studies need to optimize experimental and observational schemes to further examine the effectiveness and corresponding influence factors of the anti-speeding measures. Furthermore, additional studies need to be conducted to propose novel anti-speeding countermeasures based on big data (such as vehicle trajectory and video data).