西方航运资本的入侵与上海的近代海运业

鸦片战争之后西方资本入侵中国，洋轮直驶我国沿海江河，传统的木帆船运输业受到剧烈冲击，急速衰落，但以轮船为标志的近代海运业出现了。上海的近代海运业由外国资本、本国官僚资本和民族资本等３种成份构成。西方资本的航运企业垄断上海的航运业达１００年，掠取了中国人民的巨额财富。官僚资本的轮船招商局在西方资本航运企业的刺激影响下出现，又在其排挤、打击下艰难地生存和发展。民族资本的轮船公司深受西方资本和官僚资本的双重抑制、打击，生存更为艰难，历程异常坎坷。

The Intrusion of Western Shipping Capital and the Modern Ocean Shipping Service of Shanghai

After the opium War the western capital intruded into China. Foreign vessels went directly into the coastal rivers of our country. The traditional transport service with wooden sailing boats was violently pounded and declined rapidly. But, modern ocean shipping service symboled by steamships was emerging. The Shanghai modern ocean shipping service was formed from three kinds of capitals, i. e. foreign capital, national bureaucratic capital and national capital. The western capital shipping enterprises have monopolied the Shanghai shipping service for 100 years and plundered a huge sam of wealth from chinese people. The Steamship Merchants of the bureaucratic capital was emerging under the stimulus and infruence of western capital shipping enterprises and also existing and developing with difficulty under their squeezing and striking. The steamship companies of national capital were deeply restrained and attacked by western and bureaucratic capitals, so they were existing more difficultly and full of full of frustrations.