胸腰椎爆裂骨折经后路椎弓根螺钉复位的生物力学研究

目的　为经椎弓根复位固定和椎弓根螺钉的弹性设计提供生物力学依据。方法　应用人湿润尸体脊柱 ,模拟L1爆裂骨折 ,进行后路经椎弓根内固定 ,测试骨折复位过程中螺钉上的应力变化及其范围 ,分析复位程度与应力应变的关系。结果　应变在复位开始阶段比较小 ,变化平缓 ,当骨折复位达到椎体高度的 75 %时 ,应变出现明显的上升趋势 ,直到复位达椎体高度 90 % ,复位达到椎体高度的 91%～ 95 %时 ,应变曲线变平直 ,最大应变左侧螺钉 98.4±10 .3,右侧 10 1.2± 13.4 ,进一步撑开 ,应变显著增加 ,最大可达 2 0 6 .6 ,且无规律性。应力左侧 (34.6 4± 3.84 )N ,右侧(35 .5 4± 3.6 0 )N ,力矩左侧 (5 .2 0± 0 .5 8)Nm ,右侧 (5 .33± 0 .5 4 )Nm ,两侧螺钉上应力与力矩均无显著性差异。结论　椎体爆裂骨折行后路经椎弓根固定 ,复位时 ,复位力矩介于个 4 .5～ 6 .0Nm之间是安全的 ,既可满意复位又可以防止过度撑开造成椎体分离

Biomechanic study on reduction of thoracolumbar burstfracture with pedicle screw

Objective To supply safe mechanic refererence for reduction of thoracolumbar burstfracture with pediclc screws and lay biomechanic foundation for developing a new type of digitizing pediclc screws. Methods The change of stress and its scope of pediclc screws during reduction of thoracolumbar burstfracture were tested to determine the relationship of the degree of reduction with stress and strain. Results A total of 15 burstfracture specimens were obtained successfully. Stress was small and changed mildly at the beginning of reduction stage. Stress presented transparent elevation tendency at the stage of body height of 75% of intact until at the stage of 90%. When the height of vertebral body restored from 90% to 95%, the curve of stress changed gently. The maximum stress of left screw was 98.4±10.3 and the right was 101.2±13.4. The stress of bilateral screws did not differ significantly. It was calculated that the left strain was (34.64±3.84)N and the right one was (35.544±3.61)N, the moment was (5.20±0.58)Nm of the left and (5.33±0.54)Nm of the right. There was not significant difference between the strain and the moment of bilateral screws. Conclusion The safe range of reduction force is between 4.5Nm and 6Nm. The burstfracture of vertebral body can be both reduced successfully and prevented from overpropping.