基于安全车速差的高速公路特长隧道环境驾驶人行为风险特性研究

为研究高速公路特长隧道环境下驾驶人行为风险特性，选取2座典型特长隧道进行实车试验，通过采集熟练驾驶人和非熟练驾驶人的速度数据，将此作为主观预期车速，结合道路行车环境的客观安全车速，构建基于安全车速差的驾驶人行为风险量化方法。在划分隧道路段为入口段、行车段和出口段的基础上，通过切分行车区间，对比分析出入口段2类驾驶人行为风险变化特性及整个隧道路段和普通高速路段的行为风险变化曲线。结果表明： 1)在隧道内部，相对于非熟练驾驶人，熟练驾驶人表现出更高的行为风险值；在隧道外部，则非熟练驾驶人的行为风险值更高一些。2)所有类型驾驶人在普通高速路段行为风险值最高，在隧道入口段的行为风险值最低。上述结果说明： 在隧道路段，熟悉试验道路的驾驶人车速行为并不安全，行为风险值相对较高。

Behavior Risk Characteristics of Drivers in Extra long Highway Tunnel Based on Safe Speed Difference

The study on the risk characteristics of drivers′ behavior in extra long highway tunnel is very important. Hence, the real vehicle test is conducted in two typical extra long tunnels and the speed data of experienced and inexperienced drivers are collected simultaneously. Taking the data as subjective expected speed, the method of the quantified risk of drivers′ behavior is proposed based on the safe vehicle speed difference combined with the objective safe speed in driving environment. On the basis of dividing the tunnel section into the entrance section, the driving section and the exit section, the behavior risk variation characteristics of the two types of drivers in the entrance section and the behavior risk variation curves of the whole tunnel section and the ordinary high speed section are compared and analyzed by dividing the driving section. The results show that: (1) In the tunnel, compared with the inexperienced driver, the experienced driver shows a higher behavioral risk. (2) Outside the tunnel, the risk is higher for inexperienced drivers. (3) All types of drivers have the highest behavioral risk in the normal high speed section and the lowest in the tunnel entrance section. The above results indicate that in the tunnel section, the speed behavior of drivers familiar with the test road is not safe and the behavioral risk value is relatively high.