Transport energy consumption in mountainous roads. A comparative case study for internal combustion engines and electric vehicles in Andorra |
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| Institution: | 1. Sustainability Measurement and Modeling Lab (SUMMLab), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), EET-Campus Terrassa, 08222 Barcelona, Spain;2. Observatori de la Sostenibilitat d’Andorra (OBSA), Plaça de la Germandat 7, AD600 Sant Julià de Lòria, Andorra;1. Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Hörsalsvägen 7A, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;2. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Gibraltargatan 35, 412 79 Gothenburg, Sweden;3. Driver and Vehicle, VTI Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Box 8072, 402 78 Gothenburg, Sweden;4. RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 857, 501 15 Borås, Sweden;5. Powertrain Engineering, Volvo AB, Gropegårdsgatan 2, 405 08 Gothenburg, Sweden;1. School of Transportation and Logistics, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116024, China;2. Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;3. Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan;1. School of Automobile, Chang’an University, Middle-section of Nan’er Huan Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, 710064, China;2. School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100044, China;1. Mobility Department, Austrian Institute of Technology, Donau-City-Strasse 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria;2. Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | This paper analyses transport energy consumption of conventional and electric vehicles in mountainous roads. A standard round trip in Andorra has been modelled in order to characterise vehicle dynamics in hilly regions. Two conventional diesel vehicles and their electric-equivalent models have been simulated and their performances have been compared. Six scenarios have been simulated to study the effects of factors such as orography, traffic congestion and driving style. The European fuel consumption and emissions test and Artemis urban driving cycles, representative of European driving cycles, have also been included in the comparative analysis. The results show that road grade has a major impact on fuel economy, although it affects consumption in different levels depending on the technology analysed. Electric vehicles are less affected by this factor as opposed to conventional vehicles, increasing the potential energy savings in a hypothetical electrification of the car fleet. However, electric vehicle range in mountainous terrains is lower compared to that estimated by manufacturers, a fact that could adversely affect a massive adoption of electric cars in the short term. |
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| Keywords: | Energy consumption Road grade Driving cycle Electric vehicle Internal combustion engine Andorra |
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