Policy packages for modal shift and CO2 reduction in Lille,France |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Cité Scientifique, Faculté d’Economie et de Sciences Sociales, Bâtiment SH2 - 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France;2. IFSTTAR-DEST, site de Marne-la-Vallée, 14-20 Boulevard Newton, Cité Descartes, Champs sur Marne, F-77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France;1. Air Transport and Operations, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands;2. University of Liege (ULg), HEC Management School, QuantOM, Rue Louvrex 14, 4000 Liège, Belgium;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Rua Luís Reis Santos – Polo II, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal;1. Centre for Transport Studies, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden;2. Department of Economics, KU Leuven, Belgium;1. University of Portsmouth, Centre for Operational Research and Logistics (CORL), Lion Gate Building, PO1 3HF, UK;2. University of Portsmouth, School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, Portland Building, Portland Road, Portsmouth, Hants, PO1 3AH, UK;3. Swansea University, College of Health and Human Sciences, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK;1. Department Sustainable Management of the Economy, Human Resources, Information Systems and Diversity Department, France;2. Economics School, Philosophy, History of Thoughts Department, France;3. CEREMA Nord Picardie, Mobility and Territory Group, Head of Department, France;1. Department of Geoinformation, Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia;3. Department of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urbanism, Sadjad University of Technology, No. 64 Jalal Al Ahmad St, 91881-48848, Mashhad, Iran;4. Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety − Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Queensland, 4059, Australia;5. Department of Water Resources & Environmental Engineering, University of Ilorin, PMB 1515, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria |
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| Abstract: | This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO2 emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO2 (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO2 impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO2 emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects. |
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| Keywords: | Low carbon urban mobility Mode choice model Congestion tolling Parking charging Public transport travel time improvement Fuel carbon tax |
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