美国一级铁路公司UP与快递物流公司Hub的合作研究

美国一级铁路公司UP与快递物流公司Hub的合作是美国发展多式联运的成功案例之一。从UP与Hub的合作背景、合作措施和合作效果等3个方面对二者的合作案例展开分析。从合作的行业背景来看:美国对铁路运输管制政策的放松推动了市场竞争;铁路运输虽然具有运量大、能耗低、安全性高等优势,但无法提供“门到门”的运输服务;公路运输虽然灵活性高,但也面临着尾气排放带来的环境污染、卡车司机的高离职率等问题的困扰;公铁优势互补成为UP和Hub开展多式联运合作的基础。从合作的微观背景来看:UP和Hub经历了从一般商业往来到正式合作的演变历程,在这一过程中双方公司经营环境的变化是促使合作达成的重要原因。从具体的合作措施来看:UP长期坚持以Hub为大客户导向的经营战略,通过合理规划布局多式联运货场、在货场内提供高效的安检和装卸设备、安排灵活的货运列车时刻表、建立互联互通的EDI系统等措施满足Hub的运输需求,并在合作中不断提高运输时效性和安全性;Hub在合作中逐渐减少对UP提供的集装箱的依赖,向重资产战略调整和转移,以适应市场竞争和需求的变化。从合作效果来看:UP与Hub的合作使双方的多式联运业务收入都显著增加;多式联运分工专业化程度加深;Hub的社会形象也得到改善。通过研究UP与Hub的合作案例,总结了3点发展多式联运的成功经验:(1)政府要逐步放松铁路管制政策、降低行业准入门槛并引入市场竞争;(2)铁路运输公司要长期坚持以快递物流公司为大客户导向的经营战略;(3)多式联运参与主体要根据市场需求和竞争的变化适时调整经营战略。

Research on Cooperation between American Railway Transport Company UP and Express Logistics Company Hub

The cooperation between the American railway company UP and express logistics company Hub is one of the successful cases of developing multimodal transport in the United States.This paper analyzes the cooperation case between UP and Hub from three aspects:cooperation background,cooperation measures and cooperation effect.From the industrial background of cooperation,the relaxation of the United State on the railway transport control policy promotes the market competition;although the railway transport has the advantages of large capacity,low energy consumption and high safety etc.,it cannot provide the"door-to-door"transport service;although the highway transport is highly flexible,it is also plagued by environmental pollution caused by exhaust emissions and high turnover rate of truck drivers;the complementary advantages of the highway and railway have become the foundation of multimodal transport cooperation between UP and Hub.From the micro-background of cooperation,UP and Hub have experienced the evolution from general business contacts to formal cooperation,in which the change of business environment of both companies is an important reason for the cooperation.From the perspective of specific cooperation measures,UP has long been adhering to the business strategy of taking express logistics company Hub as the major customer orientation,and meets the transport demands of Hub through reasonable planning and layout of multimodal transport freight yards,provision of efficient security inspection and loading/unloading equipment in the freight yards,arrangement of flexible freight train schedules,establishment of interoperable EDI system,etc.,and continuously improves the timeliness and safety of transport in cooperation;during the cooperation,Hub gradually reduces its dependence on the freight containers provided by UP,and makes adjustment and shifts to the asset-oriented strategy to adapt to the changes of market competition and demand.From the perspective of cooperation effect,the cooperation between UP and Hub has significantly increased the revenue of multimodal transport business of both parties;the specialization degree for labor division of multimodal transport has been deepened;in addition,the social image of Hub has been improved.By studying the cooperation case between UP and Hub,this paper summarizes three successful experiences in developing multimodal transport:(1)The government should gradually relax the railway control policy,lower the industry admittance threshold and introduce the market competition;(2)Railway transport companies should adhere to the long-term business strategy of taking express logistics companies as the major customer orientation;(3)The participants of multimodal transport should adjust their business strategies according to the changes of market demand and competition.