浅论拱桥的技术进步与挑战

通过分析百年来拱桥(包括钢拱桥、钢筋混凝土拱桥、钢管混凝土拱桥)跨度发展的基本特点,并根据各种拱桥施工技术的基本特征,把拱桥施工方法分为3大类,即支架法、悬臂法和大件转移法。基于拱桥施工技术,探讨了中国拱桥发展历程中的构造、耐久性等技术问题。为厘清桥梁结构与建筑的关系,以及桥梁力学和桥梁美学的关系,将桥式方案的确定分为桥梁选型与桥梁造型两部分,提出桥梁选型与造型的基本原则,即在结构选型上,为"受力明确,构造从简";在结构造型上,为"造型简洁,整体协调";在建设投资上,为"建造便捷,投资合理";在桥梁特色上,为"环境和谐,特征明显",并通过实例分析阐述了此原则。

On Technical Advancement and Challenge of Arch Bridges

The basic characteristics of span length development of some arch bridges(including the steel,reinforced concrete and concrete-filled steel tube arch bridges) having been built in the world in the recent one century are surveyed and with reference to the the basic characteristics of the techniques having been applied to construction of the different types of the bridges,the construction methods for the bridges are summrized into three major kinds,that is,the scaffolding method,cantilever method and large component shifting method.On the basis of the techniques for the construction of the bridges,several technical issues on the structures and durability of the arch bridges in China in their development process are studied.To clarify the relationship between the structures and architectural style of the bridges and the relationship between the mechanics and aesthetics,the determination of a bridge type scheme is divided into two aspects of the bridge type selection and bridge configuration and the related basic principles are put forward,that is,for the bridge type selection,the principle is that of the "clear force conditions and simple structure",for the bridge configuration,the principle is the "simple configuration and integral coordination",for the construction investment,the principle is the "easy construction and rational cost" while for the features of the bridge itself,the principle is the "harmony with environment and distinguished features" and further all these principles mentioned herewith are elaborated and analyzed by way of case study of practical bridges.