用模拟仿真技术确定工程造价及工期

在工程造价和工期的确定中，采用传统的方法，工作既繁琐又沉重，并且其成果还缺乏说服力。对于工程新技术和新工艺的造价和工期的确定，造价工程师更是感到茫然不知所措。随着计算机功能的日益强大，工程设计变成了在计算机上的模拟仿真，施工作为设计方案的实现手段，无疑也能够在计算机上通过虚拟场景、模拟仿真的方法，得到工程造价和施工工期这2个重要指标。此文提出利用电子地图建模、工程数量验模的新方法来虚拟现实，然后通过模拟仿真的4个层次，根据人工和施工机械的能力，以质量、安全、环境标准为目标，以材料性能和施工工艺、工法为基础，操作者通过计算机模拟调配各种资源完成施工任务，从而模拟出特定工期下的造价和最优造价下的工期。该方法如果能够推广应用，将成为确定工程造价和工期的革命性方法。其最大的特点是可以在犹如真实的施工场景中，通过犹如真实的施工过程来确定工程造价和工期，从而为造价工程师提供更有效地确定造价和工期的手段。此文提出的方法还没有大规模应用于生产实践，有待进一步开发和研究，该方法完全成熟后，将使工程项目决策者和造价工程师摆脱死气沉沉的文件阅读和编制，变繁重的劳动为轻松愉快的游戏。

Determination of Cost and Construction Period by Simulation Technology

Traditional methods in determining engineering cost and time of construction are both complicated and clumsy and the result of which is wanting in convincingness. The determination of cost and time of construction for new techniques and new technology in construction works makes cost engineers more perplexed and at a loss. Along with the functions of computers becoming increasingly powerful, engineering design has been changed into simulation on the computer. Since construction is the means of materializing the design scheme, two vital indexes of engineering cost and construction time can no doubt also be obtained through the method of virtual reality and computer simulation. This article suggests that the method of establishing a model with electronic maps and of using the quantity of work to check the model be employed to attain virtual realities. Afterwards, through four levels of simulation and according to the capacity of labor and constructional plant, with the standards of quality, safety and environment as the objective, and with material characteristics, construction technology and construction methods as the ba- sis, the operator will fulfill the construction task via computer simulation dispatch of all the resources, so that will be simulated the engineering cost under a special time of construction and the time of construc- tion with an optimized engineering cost. This method, in case of being popularized in application, will become a revolutionary method in determining engineering cost and time of construction, of which the most outstanding feature is that it can determine engineering cost and time of construction in a simulated construction scene and through the construction process as if it were true. Thus, cost engineers are pro- vided with more effective means to ascertain engineering cost and time of construction, which is where it is worth reference in this paper. The method proposed herein has not yet been exploited on a large scale in the practice of construction, still subject to further development and study. The same method when mature will help decision makers and cost engineers of engineering projects get rid of the suffocating document reading and preparation, turning heavy labor into light and merry games.