公路桥梁智能检测技术研究进展

为促进公路桥梁智能检测技术的发展，系统梳理了桥梁智能检测装备、智能检测方法、智能损伤识别算法、智能安全评价及养护决策的发展现状与趋势。综合分析表明：随着桥梁智能检测技术的发展，针对桥梁检测环境和构件特点，出现了包括无人机、移动机器人、环形爬升机器人、多功能检测机器人、爬索机器人、水下机器人、声呐探测装置等多种类型的智能检测装备。智能检测装备大多采用搭载的图像采集装置进行病害信息收集，其避障及抗环境干扰能力和图像采集精度是设备性能表征的关键；在智能检测方法领域，图像采集技术、激光点云扫描技术、全息摄影技术发展日趋成熟，探地雷达、干涉合成孔径雷达及声呐探测技术可作为桥梁基础及冲刷深度检测的有效手段；但以光纤传感、热成像技术、声发射技术、超声波检测、电磁传感为特征的桥梁检测新技术，其抗环境干扰的能力还有待提升，需要进一步的工程验证。随着桥梁智能装备能力的提升、智能检测技术的发展，不同类型海量数据的涌现，传统的从病害、构件、部件到结构的分层综合安全评价算法已不能适应，采用数字孪生技术进行结构状况的实时再现与评价，以多源数据融合技术进行区域级、路网级桥梁服役性能及抗灾韧性评价是桥梁智能检测与安全评估的主要发展方向。

Research Progress on Intelligent Detection Technologies of Highway Bridges

In order to improve the development of intelligent detection technologies in highway bridges, the detecting equipment, inspection method, damage identification algorithm, intelligent safety evaluation and maintenance decision were reviewed in this study. After comprehensive analysis, the current situation and development trends of intelligent detection technologies were summarized. According to the testing environments and the arrangements of components, unmanned aerial vehicles, mobile robots, ring-type climbing robots, multi-functional detection robots, cable-climbing robots, underwater robots, sonar device were designed and utilized. To collect the damage information of bridges, the image acquisition devices were installed in most of the intelligent detection equipment.Consequently, the obstacle avoidance, anti-environment disturbance ability and the image acquisition accuracy were of significance in estimating the effectiveness of these devices.In the field of intelligent detection methods, image acquisition technology, laser point-cloud scanning approaches and holography became mature gradually. Besides that, ground penetrating radar, interferometric synthetic aperture radar and sonar detection technology were available in detecting bridge foundation and scouring depth. However, owing to the poor anti-interference ability, the innovative technologies consisted of optical fiber sensing, thermography, acoustic emission technology, ultrasonic detection and electromagnetic sensing needed to be improved and validated further. With the development of intelligent detection equipment,improvement of detection technology and accumulation of detection information, the hierarchical comprehensive safety evaluation algorithm was no longer suitable for bridge estimations.To achieve scientific evaluation of service performance and disaster resistance resilience in regional and network bridges, the synchronous reconstruction used digital twinning methods and estimation with multi-source data fusion technologies were major development orientations in intelligent detection and evaluation of highway bridges.