铁路隧道施工主动控制变形技术研究与实践

针对隧道施工中对加固围岩、充分发挥围岩自身承载能力方面重视不够，致使隧道开挖分部较多、工效低以及软弱围岩发生大变形等问题，通过对煤矿行业主动控制变形、国内外主动控制变形技术进行调研和部分铁路隧道施工实践、研究，得出如下结论： 在隧道施工中主动控制围岩变形，可充分发挥、调动围岩的自承载作用；采用主动控制围岩变形技术，可实现软弱围岩大断面机械化快速施工，解决超大断面设计施工技术难题，有效控制高地应力软岩隧道变形，避免大变形的发生； 锚杆、锚索以及注浆加固地层等是主动控制围岩变形的关键技术措施，必须配置大型机械设备，掌握成套施工工艺，确保锚固的及时性和有效性。

Study and Application of Active Control Deformation Technology to Railway Tunnel Construction

Some problems, i.e. multiple partition of tunnel excavation, low construction efficiency and large deformation of soft weak surrounding rock, happen frequently due to not enough attention paid to surrounding rock reinforcement and bearing capacity. Hence, the practice and study of partial railway tunnels and relevant investigations on active control deformation technologies in coal industry and at home amd abroad are studied. Some conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) The active deformation control of surrounding rock during tunnel construction can fully develop the bearing capacity of surrounding rock. (2) By using active deformation control of surrounding rock, the rapid large cross section mechanized construction in soft weak surrounding rock can be realized； the design and construction difficulties of super large cross section can be solved; the deformation of soft rock tunnel with high ground stress can be effectively controlled; and large deformation can be avoided. (3) The anchor bolt, anchor rope and grouting reinforcement are the key technologies of active deformation control of surrounding rock; meanwhile large scale equipment should be arranged to guarantee the timeliness and effectiveness of anchoring effect.