基于反应时间的公路隧道接近段停车视距研究

反应时间是停车视距的1个重要影响因素，现有的停车视距模型较少考虑公路隧道洞外环境对驾驶员反应时间的影响。为研究公路隧道接近段的反应时间分布特性，选取25名驾驶人开展在公路隧道洞外不同距洞口距离、测试时刻和植被面积占比等条件下的室内仿真试验。利用公路隧道反应时间测量试验平台采集驾驶人的反应时间，应用重复测量方差分析对数据进行差异性显著检验，构建测试时刻、距洞口距离和反应时间关系度量模型，并在此基础上修正现有停车视距模型并进行验证。结果表明:①不同测点（距洞口距离）对应的反应时间存在总体显著性差异，反应时间随距洞口距离的减小呈先减小后增大的趋势，其中距离洞口40~60 m时反应时间达到最小；②不同植被面积占比对应的反应时间没有总体显著差异；③不同测试时刻对应的反应时间存在总体显著性差异，且测试时刻与测点间没有交互作用，反应时间随测试时刻增加呈先减小后增加的趋势，在16:00反应时间达到最小；④基于反应时间建立的新停车视距模型的校正系数为0.62，其计算值小于规范计算值，二者差值随设计速度的增加而增大；⑤经过新隧道实测值的验证，模型的预测值和实测值无显著差异，说明模型具有较好的预测能力。 

A Stopping Sight Distance in Access Zone of Highway Tunnel Based on the Reaction Time

The reaction time is an important factor of stopping sight distance. The existing models of stopping sight distance seldom consider the influences of the environment outside the highway tunnel on reaction time of drivers. Twenty-five drivers are selected to carry out indoor simulation tests under different distances from the tunnel entrance, test time points, and vegetation area outside the tunnel to study the distribution of reaction time in the access zone of the highway tunnel. The platform for measurement of reaction time in the road tunnel is used to collect the reaction time of drivers, and ANOVA is used to test the significant differences in the data. A model of the relationship among the reaction time, distance, and time points is developed to quantify the impacts of distance and time on the reaction time. The results show that: ① The reaction time corresponding to different test points(distances from the entrance)has an overall significant difference. The reaction time first decreases and then increases with the decreased distance from the entrance, and reaches the minimum between 40 and 60 m from the entrance. ② The reaction timecorresponding to different vegetation area percentages has no overall significant difference. ③ The reaction time corresponding to different test time points has an overall significant difference, and there is no interaction between the test time point and the test point. The reaction time first decreases and then increases with the increase of time point, and reaches the minimum at 4 pm. ④ The correction coefficient of the new stopping sight distance model based on the reaction time is 0.62, with its calculated value less than the standard calculated value. The difference between the two increases with the increase of the design speed. ⑤ After verifying the measured value of the new tunnel, there is no significant difference between predicted and measured values, indicating that the model has a good predictive ability.