舰船备件配置研究现状与思考

备件是舰船装备进行正常检修或应急修理的保障性物资，舰船备件配置水平的高低直接影响舰船装备保障的能力与费用。在舰船维修体制分析的基础上，通过对国内外舰船备件配置文献的梳理研究，依据不同的理论基础与数学模型，总结基于历史数据、METRIC理论和系统可靠性的配置方法，并对这些方法的优势与不足进行分析对比。在此基础上，提出考虑部件重要度、混合约束下的多目标优化以及备件共用策略优化这3个舰船备件配置研究未来的发展方向。

Analysis of the research status of ship spare parts allocation

The spare parts of naval ships are major support for regular and emergent maintenance. The allocation level of spare parts is directly related to the logistic capability and investment. Based on both foreign and domestic study about spare parts allocation, this paper analyzes the ship maintenance system and summarizes the categories for different approaches such as the historical data forecasting method, METRIC theory-based method, and system reliability-based method according to their own theoretical basis and mathematic models. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are comparatively studied. Finally, the research directions considering component importance, multi-constraints, and multi-objective optimization, and spare parts sharing strategy optimization are proposed.