隧道入口护栏防护提升与乘员安全适应性分析

为提升高速公路隧道入口护栏的安全性能，采用调研分析、实车足尺碰撞试验和有限元仿真模拟综合研究方法，了解隧道入口护栏设置现状和安全防护提升需求，提出一种新型高防护等级金属梁柱式护栏，并给出其在隧道入口处的合理过渡设计。研究结果显示：护栏结构安全性能经实车碰撞试验验证，防护等级达到六（SS）级；护栏乘员安全适应性能经1.5 t小客车100 km/h和33 t大货车60 km/h以20°角碰撞模拟，车辆碰撞护栏时假人头部性能指标HPC均小于1 000，假人胸部压缩指标THCC均小于75 mm，假人大腿压缩力指标FFC均小于10 kN，假人各项性能指标均满足要求，护栏方案对车辆乘员安全适应性能较优，能够较好地保护车内乘员安全。研究为隧道入口护栏的安全性能提升及实际工程应用提供了有价值的参考。

Analysis on Protection Improvement of Guardrail and Safety Adaptation of Passenger at Tunnel Entrance

In order to improve the safety performance of guardrail at expressway tunnel entrance, the research analysis, the full-scale impact test with real vehicles and the finite element simulation research method are used to understand the present situation to set the tunnel entrance guardrail and its safety protection requirements. A new type of high protection-grade guardrail with metal beam columns is proposed, and its reasonable transition design at the tunnel entrance is given. The research results show that the safety performance of the guardrail structure can be verified by the collision test of real vehicle, and the protection level reaches six (SS). And the safety adaptation of guardrail passenger can be simulated by a collision of 1.5 t passenger car at 100 km/h and 33 t truck at 60 km/h at a 20° angle. When the vehicle crashes into the guardrail, the performance index HPC of the dummy head is less than 1 000, the chest compression index THCC of the dummy is less than 75 mm, and the compression force index of the dummy leg is less than 10 kN. All the performance indexes of the dummy meet the requirements. The guardrail scheme has the better safety adaptability to the vehicle passengers, and can protect the passenger safety in vehicle better. The study provides a valuable reference for the improvement of safety performance and the practical engineering application of tunnel entrance guardrail.