交通路网中重型柴油车油耗和排放多层次分析

利用车载尾气检测系统（PEMS）进行北京市交通路网中重型柴油车实时油耗、排放和行驶数据收集，并从微观、中观和宏观三个层次对动态交通网络中的油耗和排放规律及其影响因素进行深入分析. 行驶特征分析表明：重型柴油车在低、中速状态下行驶时间最长；在中速状态下行驶里程最长；同时匀速工况下的行驶时间和里程所占比例最高. 油耗和排放分析表明：重型柴油车（国III）平均油耗水平为18.6L／100km，NOx和PM污染水平分别为4.63g／km和0.087g／km. 其中在微观层次，高速和高加速是引起车辆瞬时高油耗和排放的主要原因；在中观层次，怠速和低速行驶是造成单位距离高油耗和排放的主要原因；在宏观层次，行驶里程是总油耗和排放评估的一个重要影响参数.

Multi-Level Analysis of Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles in Road Network

Real-world fuel consumption, emission, and driving activity data from heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) were collected using the portable emission measurement system (PEMS) in the road network of Beijing. Then, the fuel consumption and emission characteristics were analyzed at microscopic, mesoscopic as well as macroscopic levels. The analysis results on driving behaviors showed that the driving time was mainly distributed in low and middle-speed bins, 〖JP2〗the driving mileage was mainly located in middle-speed bins, and the driving time and mileage under cruise mode accounted for the highest proportion. The analysis results on fuel consumption and emission characteristics showed that the average level of fuel consumption was 18.6 L/100 km, the average emission factors of NOx and PM were 4.63 g/km and 0.087 g/km for HDDVs that met the Euro III standard. At the microscopic level, driving at high-speed and acceleration is associated with the instantaneous high fuel consumption and emission rates. At the mesoscopic level, idling or driving at low-speed was the main reason of high fuel consumption and emission factors. At the macroscopic level, driving mileage was a significant influencing factor for total fuel consumption and emissions.