公共利益导向下的理性选择——上海交通政策30年发展沿革((1986—2016)

城市道路交通具有明显的非排他性和竞争性特征,特别在人口集聚的大城市,有限的时空资源无法全面满足不同主体的各类出行需求,科学的交通政策制定非常必要。交通政策的主体在于政府,核心在于选择,价值取向是追求整体的社会效益和可持续发展。系统梳理改革开放以来,特别是1986年以后,上海在城镇化、机动化快速发展进程中的阶段性交通特征和所面临的问题。从社会公共政策与治理的视角剖析不同发展阶段上海交通政策设计背后的价值取向、总体思路、实施路径和保障机制。同时,结合个体机动化管理、公共客运服务等重大交通政策的发展沿革,探讨政府管理、市场手段在管理实践中的利弊和作用。

Rational Choice under Public Interest: Evolution of Shanghai Transportation Policies from 1986 to 2016

Urban roadway transportation has obvious non-exclusive and competitive characteristics. Espe-cially in large cities where under high concentration of population, the limited spatial resources cannot ful-ly meet the travel needs of different travel purposes. Thus it is necessary to introduce scientific transporta-tion policies. The main element of transportation policy lies in the government, the core of the policy is the choice, and pursuing overall social benefits and sustainable development is the policy's value orientation. With the rapid development of urbanization and motorization in Shanghai, this paper systematically sum-marizes the transportation characteristics and problems in different development stage since the economic reform, particularly after 1986. Aiming at social public policy and governance, the paper discusses the val-ue orientation, general idea, implementation steps and safeguard mechanism in Shanghai transportation pol-icy design in different development stage. Based on the development of major transportation policies such as individual motorized management and public passenger transportation service, the paper elaborates the advantages and disadvantages and the role of government management and market means in management practice.