中国大城市交通问题的空间解读与对策

城市交通大多从城市人口平均特征出发进行研究。然而在市场的作用下,受收入、职业等因素的影响,不同社会阶层在城市空间中的居住和就业选址(城市的社会空间)存在差异。这是改善公共交通服务、缓解交通拥堵等很多大城市交通问题的根源之一。从中国快速城镇化过程中大城市新增人口和中低收入人口的居住空间分布入手,分析大城市通勤出行距离快速增长导致的交通拥堵、公共交通服务水平提高困难等大城市交通问题的成因。提出大城市空间应基于分区模式构建多中心的城市空间,并提出对应的交通系统,实现大城市交通低碳和公平的目标。

Spatial Analysis and Countermeasures of Transportation Problems in Large Metropolitan Areas in China

Most of the urban transportation researches are conducted based on the average characteristics of urban population. However, under the market influence, there are differences in selecting residence and job locations (urban social space) among people with different income and occupation, which must be con-sidered in solving transportation problems in large metropolitan areas. The solutions should improve public transportation services and alleviate traffic congestion. Based on the spatial distribution of new population and population with low-medium income groups in large metropolitan areas during rapid urbanization, this paper analyzes the causes of transportation problems in large metropolitan areas such as traffic congestion and difficulties of improving the level of service of public transit with the increase of commuting travel dis-tance. To achieve low-carbon and equality of transportation in large metropolitan areas, the paper points out that it is necessary to develop multi-central urban space and corresponding transportation system based on the zoning concept.