基于持续跟踪调查的防御性驾驶行为分析模型

为解决防御性驾驶行为心理作用过程缺少定量描述的问题，在界定防御性驾驶行为内涵的基础上，设计防御性驾驶行为量表. 基于计划行为理论，构建以过去防御性驾驶行为、行为态度、主观规范和知觉行为控制为预测变量，行为意图为中介变量，后续防御性驾驶行为为结果变量的分析模型. 对非职业驾驶员在间隔3 个月的两个时间点跟踪调查，第1 次调查内容包括过去防御性驾驶行为、TPB变量、个人基本信息，第2 次调查包括后续防御性驾驶行为和个人基本信息，获得两次调查数据完全匹配的有效问卷213 份. 对有效数据分析显示：主观规范对防御性驾驶行为意向不显著，知觉行为控制、行为态度和过去防御性驾驶行为对防御性驾驶行为意向影响值分别为0.40、0.29 和0.26；行为态度、知觉行为控制和过去驾驶行为通过行为意向(0.36)，可以在一定程度上对后续行为进行解释.

Defensive Driving Behavior Analysis Model with Follow-up Surveys

This study mainly deals with the problem of quantitatively measuring psychological process of defensive driving behavior. The defensive driving behavior scale is designed by defining the concept of defensive driving behavior. The analysis model was developed based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). In the model, the prior behaviors, behavioral attitude, subjective norms, and perceived control are predictive variables; the behavioral intention is intermediary variable, and the subsequent behaviors are outcome variables. Questionnaire data were collected from non- professional drivers at two time points separated by three months. TPB variables, demographic information, and prior behavior were measured at the first survey and subsequent behavior was measured at the second survey. 213 valid and matching questionnaires were obtained from two surveys. The analysis results show that, subjective norms have no significant impact on defensive driving intention. The perceived control (0.40), behavior attitude (0.29), and past driving behavior (0.26) have positive impact on behavior intention. Behavioral attitude, perceived control, and prior behaviors can explain subsequent behaviors to some extent through the behavioral intention (0.36).