性能基导航中飞行技术误差估计研究综述

从人为因素、飞行器性能与环境因素3方面剖析了性能基导航中飞行技术误差的影响因素及其特性。依据导航方式与特定运行条件分类论述了基于飞行试验的飞行技术误差试验统计研究, 指出了此类研究方法的局限性。评述了基于成型机理的飞行技术误差方差估计模型与方法, 讨论了各种方法的特点和应用范围。从飞行技术误差估计方法与应用2方面分析了现有研究的局限性与后续研究展望。分析结果表明: 在手动操作方式下, 不同的飞行策略对飞行技术误差有较大影响, 航径偏移指示器的灵敏度与侧向飞行技术误差负相关。在航路和终端区, 某些通用航空飞行器的侧向飞行技术误差的标准差分别高达759.32、481.52m, 主要原因是未安装高精度导航系统。对飞行试验结果进行统计拟合的估计方法无法全面地覆盖全部机型、航段与天气条件, 因而具有一定的局限性, 而基于成型机理的飞行技术误差估计方法估计的侧向、高度飞行技术误差的标准差分别为2.68、1.13m, 通过与仿真结果和实测数据的比较, 方法的有效性得到验证。性能基导航设备在实时估计飞行技术误差时, 采用假设常值而不进行实时估计, 将会使飞行器处于危险中。从多重因素入手研究如何减小性能基导航中飞行技术误差是未来的重要研究方向。

Overview of research on flight technical error estimation in performance based navigation

The characteristics and influencing factors of flight technical error (FTE) in performance based navigation (PBN) were analyzed in terms of human factors, aircraft performances and environmental factors.The research and statistical analysis of FTE estimation based on flight experiments were discussed according to navigation schemes and certain operation configurations, and the limitations of the methods were discussed.The estimation models and methods of FTE variance based on moulding mechanism were researched, and the characteristicsand applied ranges of different methods were discussed.The limitations of current researches and expectation of further work were analyzed in terms of FTE estimation method and FTE application.Analysis result indicates that the effect of flying strategy on FTE is prominent when the manual mode is active.Furthermore, lateral FTE is inversely correlated with the sensitivity of course deviation indicator.The standard deviations of lateral FTE for certain general aviation aircrafts are as much as 759.32 and 481.52 m, and the main cause is lack of high-precision onboard navigation system.The FTE estimation method based on fitting flight experiment data has certain limitation because it can not cover all aircraft types, flight segments or weather conditions.The standard deviations of lateral and vertical FTE are 2.68 and 1.13 mrespectively because of using moulding mechanism.The method is proved to be effective through the comparison of both simulation result and test data.The onboard navigation equipment using a certain constant in substitute of real-time FTE estimation will endanger the aircraft.An important research direction in the future is to diminish the FTE in PBN with the consideration of multiple coupled factors.