Congestion and emissions mitigation: A comparison of capacity,demand, and vehicle based strategies |
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| Authors: | Alexander Y. Bigazzi Miguel A. Figliozzi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Transportation Studies and Research, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9313, Tehran, Iran;2. Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia, 2053 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada;1. Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering, University of Genova, Italy;2. Delft Center for Systems and Control, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands;1. College of Transport and Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, 1550 Haigang Avenue, Pudong, Shanghai 201306, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences (FEPS), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;2. Environmental Flow (EnFlo) Research Centre, FEPS, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Capacity, demand, and vehicle based emissions reduction strategies are compared for several pollutants employing aggregate US congestion and vehicle fleet condition data. We find that congestion mitigation does not inevitably lead to reduced emissions; the net effect of mitigation depends on the balance of induced travel demand and increased vehicle efficiency that in turn depend on the pollutant, congestion level, and fleet composition. In the long run, capacity-based congestion improvements within certain speed intervals can reasonably be expected to increase emissions of CO2e, CO, and NOx through increased vehicle travel volume. Better opportunities for emissions reductions exist for HC and PM2.5 emissions, and on more heavily congested arterials. Advanced-efficiency vehicles with emissions rates that are less sensitive to congestion than conventional vehicles generate less emissions co-benefits from congestion mitigation. |
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