Transport-related CO2 effects of online and brick-and-mortar shopping: A comparison and sensitivity analysis of clothing retailing |
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| Authors: | Anne Wiese Waldemar Toporowski Stephan Zielke |
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| Institution: | 1. Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Chair of Retailing, Platz der Göttinger Sieben 3, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;2. Aarhus University, Business and Social Sciences, Department of Business Administration and MAPP Centre, Haslegaardsvej 10, 8210 Aarhus V, Denmark;1. Statistics at the School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden;2. Human Geography at the School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden;3. Micro-data Analysis at the School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden;4. Economics at the School of Technology and Business Studies, Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden;5. HUI Research, Stockholm, Sweden;1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology/Netherlands Institute for Transport Policy Analysis, The Hague, The Netherlands;2. Hitotsubashi University, Tokyo, Japan;3. University of Westminster, London, UK;1. School of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China;2. School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1041, USA;3. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2125, USA;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 4027 JEC Building, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 4032 JEC Building, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA |
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| Abstract: | This paper compares transport-related CO2 emissions of online and brick-and-mortar shopping based on supply, delivery, order and travel data related to one multi-channel clothing retailer. A sensitivity analysis sheds more light on how situational factors, such as the customers’ travel distances, returns, the use of public transport modes and information behavior via different channels influence the outcome of this comparison. The results show that online retailing causes lower CO2 emissions under many conditions. Nevertheless, the brick-and-mortar channel is more environmentally friendly when travel distances are small. The radius for which brick-and-mortar shopping has an advantage increases when returns, shifts in the use of public transport and information behavior are also considered. |
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