船舶融资租赁登记的行政风险研究

船舶融资租赁登记起到将物上权利登记公示后保护交易各方利益的重要功能。现行船舶融资租赁以光船租赁形式进行登记,存在将两者实质化混淆的行政风险。文中归纳了现行制度中船舶融资租赁登记的特有审查要点。然后依据《民法典》对特殊动产登记的定位,辨析了现行登记制度中将船舶权利登记行政化处理导致登记机关诉讼风险和社会资源浪费的现状。最后回归船舶融资租赁登记的社会价值,借鉴民用航空器登记制度、美国申明登记制度等从立法、部门规章及实务操作方面提出了完善船舶融资租赁登记制度的建议。

Research on the Administrat ive Risk of Ship Financial Lease Registrat ion

The registration of ship financial leasing plays the important role of protecting the rights and interests of parties involved in the transaction after the publicity of the registration of property rights.The existing registration of ship financial leasing is conducted in the form of bareboat charter,which can lead to the administrative risks of substantial confusion between them.The paper summarizes the special key points of examination in the existing ship financial leasing.According to the definition of special movable property provided in the Civil Code,the paper studies the existing conditions of dealing with ship right registration from the administrative approach,which might bring the registration authority the risk of being accused as well as waste of social resources.The paper focuses on the social value of ship financial registration and puts forward suggestions on improving the system from the aspects of legislation,department rules and practical operation through learning from the civil aircraft registration system and the declaration registration system of the United States.