共和-玉树高速公路穿越星星海保护区路段野生动物保护对策研究

青藏高原多年冻土区首条高速公路共和-玉树高速公路于2017年通车运营,本路有约75 km穿越星星海保护区段,公路两侧野生动物分布与活动较多,故设置了大量的桥涵通道,供动物穿越。动物通道的使用情况如何,高速公路是否对野生动物活动造成阻隔,目前尚无评价。本文基于2014-2018年对星星海保护区段的路侧野生动物活动的连续监测,结果显示:①公路两侧大型动物主要观察到藏野驴和藏原羚,且都有靠近高速公路200 m范围活动趋势;②所观测的5座涵洞均被野生动物利用,主要是狐狸(包括藏狐和赤狐)、狼、高原兔和猞猁;③共玉高速公路运营初期对藏野驴和藏原羚有较为显著的阻隔作用,但对犬科动物和夜行性动物(猞猁)阻隔作用并不明显;④跨度和高度不小于2 m的涵洞通道可满足家养牦牛穿越高速公路分离式路基的需求。本研究为三江源地区高速公路建设中野生动物保护和畜牧通道设计提供了理论依据。

Protection to wildlife along Xingxinghai Nature Reserve Section of Gonghe-Yushu Expressway

As the first expressway in permafrost regions of Tibetan plateau,Gonghe-YuShu Expressway operated in 2017.Since 75 km cut through Xingxinghai Nature Reserve and plenty of wildlife act roadside,scores of wildlife crossing structures have been located to benefit wildlife move through expressway.However,no study on the evaluation of wildlife using the crossing structures and the barrier effect of expressway on wildlife.Through monitoring to roadside wildlife and wildlife crossing structures along Xingxinghai Nature Reserve Section of Gonghe-Yushu Expressway from 2014 to 2018,the results show:(1)Kiang and Tibetan gazelle are the two main species act along the expressway during earlier stage of operation,and both concentrate on roadside 200 m range;(2)All culverts have been crossed by wildlife,including fox(Tibetan fox and Red fox),wolf,Woolly hare and Eurasian lynx;(3)The expressway has obvious barrier effect on Kiang and Tibetan gazelle,while no effect on canine and nocturnal animal(lynx);(4)Culverts that of height and width exceed 2 m can be crossed by domestic yak for divided expressway.This study provides important design guideline for wildlife crossing structures and domestic animal in Sanjiangyuan region.