超车模型在双车道公路仿真系统中的应用研究

借鉴以往的研究成果，在分析双车道公路超车特性的基础上，将超车过程划分为超车意愿、超车条件、超车行为、超车中止强制回车4个步骤，建立了超车模型。选用超车率、超车次率和区间平均速度作为验证指标来对比仿真结果与实测数据，对比结果符合误差范围，证明了模型的有效性。应用模型进行仿真试验，通过分析得到的超车率一流量关系，发现该关系曲线与实际情况相吻合且呈现出两个阶段，前一阶段随着双车道公路流量的增加，超车率逐渐增大至最大值。后一阶段流量增加而超车率不断下降，当流量达到2900pcu／h以后，超车率几乎为零，以此作为临界点，推荐我国标准2级双车道公路的双向通行能力为2900pcu／h。

Application of Overtaking Model in Two-lane Highway Simulation System

An overtaking model is established by analyzing overtaking characteristic and the previous model. In the model, the course of overtaking is divided into four steps including overtaking desire, overtaking requirement, overtaking behavior and stopping overtaking to return forcibly. The overtaking ratio, overtaken ratio and average speed are selected as the validation parameters, which are used to compare the field data with the simulation result for validation. The results of comparation are in allowable errors extent. The model is used to make simulation experiment. By analyzing relation of overtaking ratio-volume, it is found that the relation curve accords with the fact and presents two parts. In front part, the overtaking ratio increases to maximum with the volume increase; in latter part, the overtaking ratio decreases with the volume increase. When the volume reaches 2 900 pcu/h, the overtaking ratio decreases to zero. So the capacity of the two-lane highways is commended as 2 900 pcu/h under standard conditions.