The effects of non-contingent free bus tickets and personal commitment on urban bus ridership |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sustainable Education Building, 788 Atlantic Dr, Atlanta, GA, United States;2. Independent Open Source Developer, 5 Saint Joseph Street, Dublin 7, Ireland;1. Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;2. Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;3. School of Planning, Architecture, and Landscape, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;4. Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan;5. Transportation Planning, Transportation Department, The City of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;1. Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;2. Energy and Climate Change Division, Sustainable Energy Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom;3. Social Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom;4. INDEPTH Network, 38 & 40 Mensah Wood Street, Accra, Ghana;1. Urban Form Lab, Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;2. Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;3. Department of Epidemiology and Harborview Injury Prevention & Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;4. Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States;5. Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States;1. University of Cagliari, Via San Giorgio 12, Cagliari 09124, Italy;2. University of Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis, 1, 09123 Cagliari, Italy |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
To compare the effects of free rides and commitment to a performance goal on increasing bus ridership in an urban setting, 83 non-bus riding automobile drivers were exposed to one of the following conditions. (1) Control where route and schedule information were provided. (2) Commitment, where subjects agreed to ride the bus twice a week during the treatment period. (3) Free Tickets, where an unlimited supply of free bus tickets were provided. (4) Free Tickets Plus Commitment, where the free transit and commitment conditions were combined. While there were no systematic differences between the experimental conditions, each of them produced significantly higher levels of ridership than the no-treatment control group during the 4 week treatment period and two subsequent follow-up periods. These results suggest that both free rides and agreement to a specific performance goal can overcome many of the obstacles which prevent individuals from initiating and maintaining regular patterns of bus ridership. |
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