高速列车风挡用多元纳米复合材料的研究

以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料为基础,复配笼形八乙烯基硅倍半氧烷(POSS)、氢氧化铝(Al(OH)3)、可膨胀石墨(EG)制备多元纳米复合材料,测试了材料的燃烧性能和力学性能。测试结果表明,与纯纳米复合材料(EPDM/OMMT)相比,添加了POSS, EG和Al(OH)3的多元纳米复合材料的成炭效果和燃烧性能均有所提升;但多元纳米复合材料力学强度有所降低。采用多元纳米复合材料(EPDM/OMMT/EG或EPDM/OMMT/Al(OH)3)开发高速列车内外风挡用橡胶材料,其性能可满足风挡的阻燃功能及使用要求,并在强度、低温性能和阻燃性能等方面比国外样品更优,在多种型号的高速列车风挡上实现了工程化应用。

Research on Multivariate Nano-composites for High-speed Train Windshield

The nano-composites were prepared with ethylene-propylene diene rubber(EPDM) and organic montmorillonite(OMMT) nano-composite as basic material, and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(POSS), aluminium hydroxide(Al(OH)3), expanded graphite(EG) as additives. The flame retardant properties and mechanical properties were tested by cone calorimeter and smoke density etc. The results showed that, compared with the pure EPDM/OMMT nano-composite, adding POSS, EG and Al(OH)3 could effectively increase the charring and flame retardant properties. The mechanical properties of nano-composite prepared with EPDM/OMMT/EG or EPDM/OMMT/Al(OH)3 were reduced. The properties of inner/outer windshield rubber material which was prepared with EPDM/OMMT/EG or EPDM/OMMT/Al(OH)3 could meet the flame retardant and functional requirements. In addition, the tensile strength, low temperature and retardant performance were more excellent than the foreign samples. At present, the engineering application of multivariate nano-composite in a variety of high-speed train windshield has been realized.