潜艇舱室火灾后的大气监测需求研究

针对潜艇舱室火灾后的大气监测需求,利用材料火灾释放特性试验数据,结合火灾废气组分对人员的健康危害,筛选出火灾后需要重点关注的大气监测组分对象。研究表明,火灾中主要释放5种浓度高且危害性大的气体,分别为二氧化碳、氮氧化物、一氧化碳、氰化氢和二氧化硫。在开展火灾后的大气监测时,可根据火灾类型,从上述5种组分中筛选监测对象,从而在满足人员生存的同时,提高监测效率,降低工作强度,减少应急呼吸系统使用时间。相关研究对我国开展密闭环境火灾后的大气监测方案研究具有指导意义。

Research on post-fire monitoring for atmosphere control in submarine cabins

Post-fire monitoring is very important for atmosphere control in submarine cabins. Based on the fire characteristics of materials obtained by the fire testing and the corresponding toxicity database, marker gases needed to be concerned for post-fire monitoring are indicated in this paper. The results show that there are five marker gases with high concentration and toxicity, including CO₂, NO_x, CO, HCN and SO₂. Marker gases for post-fire monitoring can be selected from the mentioned five gases according to the type of the fire. The method of marker gases monitoring not only meets the demands of life sustain and improves the efficiency of post-fire routine, but also reduces the workload of crew and the service time of emergency breathing system. The purpose of this study is to provide useful guidance for making post-fire monitoring schemes for atmosphere control in enclosed space of submarine cabins.