城市轨道交通应急资源选址和配置方法研究

为解决城市轨道交通中的应急救援站选址以及应急救援资源优化配置问题，从最短救援距离、城市地价、救援工具分区限速、救援时间、基于实际运营情况的特殊站点和中心度关系网络的特殊站点等角度，确立供需可达矩阵，建立以救援时间代价以及建设费用之和为最小的应急站选址模型。在救援资源数量确定的情况下，建立关于应急站的资源收益函数，同时根据资源分配 过程具有马尔可夫性，以期望收益值最大为目标确定资源最优配置模型，并运用动态规划逆序法进行求解。最后，以规划中的成都地铁网为例，将其15 个站点作为应急站，计算其需要分配的应急资源数量。实例计算结果表明，所建选址和资源配置模型所得结果满足实际运营要求，因而具有较高的可信度。

Emergency Resource Location and Distribution of Urban Rail Transit

In order to study the optimal location of emergency rescue stations and the distribution of rescue resources to these stations in urban rail transit, the shortest rescue distance, urban land price, limited speed of rescue conveyances in different districts, rescue time, the important stations based on the realistic operation of urban rail transit and the important stations based on the centrality relationship network were taken into consideration in setting the location model of rescue stations. Besides, the supply and demand reachability matrix was established. The location model aimed for the minimum cost of construction and rescue time. The quantity of rescue resources having been determined, the reward functions of rescue stations could be established. According to the distribution process of rescue resources with Markov Property, the optimal resource distribution model based on the maximum reward of rescue stations was established, which could be worked out by the dynamic programming with inverted sequence. Finally, with the case of the planning metro network of Chengdu, 15 stations were selected as rescue stations. Meanwhile, the rescue resources distributed to some rescue stations in need were worked out. The result of the case shows that the models of location and resource distribution meet the requirement of practical situation, which validates the high credibility of the model and algorithm.