高海拔特长铁路隧道紧急救援站位置选型研究

为给高海拔特长铁路隧道紧急救援站位置选型提供理论依据,进而完善高海拔铁路隧道防灾疏散救援设计要求,文章以某典型高海拔特长单洞双线隧道为依托,分别采用火灾动力学三维模拟软件FDS及人员疏散软件Pathfinder建立全尺寸火灾模型和疏散模型。通过分析不同海拔高度、不同紧急救援站位置时站内纵向可见度、温度分布规律及人员必需疏散时间分布规律,得到各情况下人员可用安全疏散时间及必需安全疏散时间,进而明确不同海拔高度下紧急救援站位置。研究结果表明:海拔高度在3000~4000 m时,人员可用安全疏散时间、必需安全疏散时间均满足6 min要求;高海拔铁路隧道位置选型应以人员必需安全疏散时间最短为原则;海拔高度为3000m,3500 m和4000 m时,紧急救援站最佳位置分别为距洞口10 km,20 km和15 km处。

Study on the Location Selection of Emergency Rescue Station of the Extra-long Railway Tunnel at High Altitude

In order to provide a theoretical basis for the location selection of emergency rescue station of the long railway tunnel at high altitudeand to improve the design requirements for disaster prevention and evacuation of highaltitude railway tunnels,taking the typical extra-long double-track tunnel at high altitude as the background,a fullscale fire model and evacuation model are established by using FDS and Pathfinder.By analyzing the vertical visibili?ty,distribution laws of temperature and required safety evacuation time(RSET)of different locations of emergency rescue stations at different altitudes,the available safety evacuation time(ASET)and required safety evacuation time(RSET)in each case are obtained,thus the locations of emergency rescue station at different altitudes are deter?mined.The results show that:under the altitude of 3000-4000 m,the ASET and RSET both meet the requirements of 6 min;the location selection of high-altitude railway tunnel should be based on the principle of minimum RSET;under the altitudes of 3000 m,3500 m and 4000 m,the optimal locations of the emergency rescue stations are 10 km,20 km and 15 km away from the portal respectively.