Environmental zoning restrictions on port activities and development

With the port industry facing increased cargo volumes, the need for expansion of landside facilities is eminent. The ports face a dilemma which can cause considerable damage to their futures. This threat comes in the form of environmental policy. Since the early 1970's, Europe has been involved in an 'environmental crusade' which seeks to protect habitats and species of wildlife. The creation of 'environmental zones' to protect these areas, are spreading rapidly along the coastlines and waterways where ports are situated and in need of development to handle increased cargo volumes. This paper is aimed at developing an understanding of the potential impact of environmental zoning on the future of ports, as well as presenting the facts and legislation supporting this environmental crusade.