跨断层桥梁抗震综述

在交通强国战略深入推进的时代背景下，中国公路、铁路网的发展使得跨越断层修建桥梁不可避免，川藏铁路的规划、设计和修建更让这个问题日益突出. 同时，公路和铁路抗震规范采用避让断层造桥的规定与无法避让造桥的实际情况之间的矛盾也日渐凸显. 在地震作用下跨越活动断层的桥梁比非跨越断层桥梁具有更复杂的受力特点、破坏形式和破坏机理，我国对跨断层桥梁的研究尚处于起步阶段，可供参考的相关文献资料、工程实例以及抗震设计规范缺乏. 为了确保跨断层桥梁的安全性，基于国内外对跨断层桥梁的研究现状，归纳总结了活动断层特征、断层处地震动、跨断层桥梁的破坏特征、跨断层桥梁分析方法以及跨断层桥梁概念设计措施. 梳理了当前跨越断层桥梁抗震存在的问题，并对未来跨断层桥梁的研究进行了展望，指出断层地震空间性、跨断层桥梁破坏机理、多灾害对跨断层桥梁的影响、跨断层桥梁快速抢修技术和人工智能技术在跨断层桥梁抗震中的应用将是未来发展方向，为未来跨断层桥梁抗震设计、性能评估和规范拟订提供参考. 

A Review on Aseismic Bridges Crossing Fault Rupture Regions

Under the background of strategy impetus of building a strong transportation country, the construction of bridges across active faults is an inevitable challenge in the development of Chinese highway and railway networks in recent years. This problem is prominent in planning, design and construction of Sichuan-Tibet Railway. At the same time, the contradiction between the regulations of avoiding faults in highway and railway seismic codes and some actual situation where it is impossible to avoid faults in building bridges is becoming increasingly prominent. Under the action of ground motions, the bridges crossing active faults have more complex stress characteristics, failure modes and failure mechanisms than those in far-field regions. The research on bridges crossing faults in China is still in its infancy, and there is a lack of relevant literature, engineering examples and seismic design codes for reference. To guarantee the safety of bridges across faults in the future earthquakes, based on the research status of bridges across fault at home and abroad, this paper reviews the characteristics of active faults, ground motions, damage characteristics of bridges, analysis methods, and conceptual design measures of bridges across faults. In addition, the existing problems and future research prospects in seismic resistance of bridge crossing faults are summarized. It is pointed out that the spatial variability of ground motion of fault earthquakes, failure mechanism of fault-crossing bridges, multiple disaster influence on bridges across faults, rapid repair technology of bridges across faults, and artificial intelligence technology in the application of crossing fault bridges will be the future development directions. This review provides useful references for seismic design, performance evaluation, and code formulation of bridges across faults in the future.