铁路隧道群划分标准的影响因素及其救援站设置探讨

现行规范中规定"隧道与隧道紧密相连、隧道洞口间距不超过400 m的相邻隧道统称为隧道群",根据该规定,需设置较多数量的紧急救援站和配套工程,工程投资巨大。开创性地从火灾情况下烟气蔓延时温度、可视度方面着手,采用理论分析和实际调研的方法,研究铁路隧道群划分标准及其救援站设置原则。研究结果表明:(1)隧道群中隧道口间距大于250 m时发生火灾,相邻隧道基本互不影响;(2)当隧道洞口间距小于250 m时,可以将相邻的隧道理解为隧道群;(3)隧道洞口间设置了车站的相邻隧道可不受洞口间距控制是否作为隧道群设计,可在相邻的隧道设置射流风机,控制烟雾向隧道内扩散;(4)隧道群中的紧急救援站应尽可能布置在明线上,救援站长度应依据任意车厢着火,且列车均在明线停车考虑。

Discussion on the Influencing Factors of Railway Tunnel Group Classification Standards and the Establishment of Rescue Station

According to the current code,the definition of the tunnel group is the tunnels which are closely connected and the portal distance between them is not more than 400 m. A large number of emergency rescue stations and matching projects need to be set up and huge investment is required. Based on the temperature and the visibility of smoke in case of fire,this paper studies the dividing standard of railway tunnel group and the setting principles of emergency rescue station by means of theoretical analysis and practical investigation. The results show that:(1) tunnels of the group do not affect each other in the case of fire when the portal distance between two tunnels is longer than 250 m;(2) the adjacent tunnels can be regarded as tunnel group when the portal distance between the two adjacent tunnels is less than 250 m;(3) if a station is set up between two adjacent tunnels,a jet fan can be placed between them to prevent smoke from diffusing into the tunnel independence of the distance between the two tunnels;(4) the emergency rescue station in the tunnel group should be constructed outside of the tunnel as much as possible,and the length of the rescue station should be decided under such condition that any car of the train gets on fire and the train stops outside of the tunnel.