小学门前交通安全设施组合优化实验研究

学校地区作为交通安全重点保护区域，已受到各界的广泛关注.本文以提高小学地区的交通安全为目的，并以北京市小学门前交通安全设施对车速的影响为出发点，通过实地调查小学地区道路交通环境、人车之间的冲突等对小学类型进行划分.并通过问卷调查获取不同类型小学门前交通参与者对交通安全设施的需求，进而利用驾驶模拟实验方法对不同的交通安全设施组合方案进行评估.选取平均速度、相对速度变化率、加速度标准差作为方案评价指标，提出不同类型学校门前所应设置的交通安全设施最优组合方案.希望能够为规范小学地区交通安全设施设置提供依据.

Experimental Research on Optimal Design of School Zone Traffic Safety Facilities

As the key traffic protection zone, school zone has attracted attention of all circles. In order to improve the traffic safety of school zones, this paper focuses on the traffic safety facilities around primary schools in Beijing. A field investigation of road traffic condition and conflict between people and vehicles is conducted, aiming to classify the types of schools. Meanwhile, the demand for traffic safety facilities around primary schools base on different groups of traffic participants is obtained through a subjective questionnaire. Afterwards, a driving simulator experiment is performed to evaluate the effects of different programs with various traffic safety facilities. The differences in performances are discussed with three dependent variables including average speed, relative speed difference, standard deviation of acceleration. Finally, the optimal program is got for different types of schools. It provides a theoretical basis for the optimal setting program of traffic safety facilities for different school zone.