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基于血液的生理特性及应急保障特性，以应急血液最晚运达时间最小、接收时的最低新鲜度最大、运输总费用最小为目标，建立考虑多品种、多式联运的应急血液调剂出救点选择，即运输路线安排问题两阶段决策优化模型，并设计了一种包含局部邻域优化的遗传，即禁忌混合算法进行求解.以“5.12”汶川大地震应急血液保障为背景构建算例，分析验证了两阶段决策方法在最晚抵达时间、新鲜度均值、运输总费用、血液积压量等指标上的优越性.

A Two-phase Decision-making Approach for Emergency Blood Transferring Problem in Public Emergencies

Considering the physiological and emergency supply characteristics of blood, as well as multi type blood and multi modal transportation mode, a combined optimization model for emergency service facility selection and transportation routing problem in emergency blood supply is developed based on a two phase decision making approach. The aim is to minimize the last arrival time, maximize the lowest average freshness when received, and minimize the total transportation cost of emergency blood. A hybrid genetic tabu algorithm with local neighborhood search is also proposed. The model and algorithm are verified by a numerical example based on the emergency blood supply process in ‘5.12’ Wenchuan earthquake in China. The results show that the advantage of two phase decision making approach is confirmed on the indexes such as the last arrival time, the average freshness, the total transportation cost and the overstock of blood.