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城市交通系统供需失衡是城市交通拥挤的症结所在。本文通过分析指出城市交通管理中存在的舍本逐末现象的主要原因在于缺乏对城市交通供需失衡根本原因的深刻认识及其对管理策略有效性的评估。为了准确把握交通供需失衡的机理，本文运用系统层次分析框架，将城市交通系统供需失衡划分为结构性失衡和耦合性失衡两类，并指出交通供需双方是一种有利益冲突和动态反应特性的博弈关系，通过这种博弈关系对城市交通供需平衡的影响分析，分别给出了调节城市交通供需平衡关系的两个层次的策略框架。

Hierarchy Analysis and Strategies on the Imbalance between Supply and Demand of Urban Traffic

It is well-known that traffic congestion results from the imbalance between supply and demand of urban traffic.However,there exists the phenomenon of "shifting the burden" in urban traffic management.We point out that this phenomenon stems from the lack of understanding the essential cause of traffic imbalance and the validity evaluation of the traffic strategies.In order to probe the essence of traffic imbalance,we divide the traffic imbalance concept into structural imbalance and coupling imbalance.It's also pointed that there exist game relationships with conflict of interest and dynamic reaction between traffic supplier and travelers.Based on the effect analysis of game relationships on the urban traffic,the hierarchical strategy frame is proposed to balance the relationship between traffic supply and demand.