乌兹别克斯坦甘姆奇克隧道岩爆特点及其形成机制

在总结乌兹别克斯坦安琶铁路甘姆奇克隧道岩爆特点的基础上，结合隧道工程地质条件，对岩爆的发生机制进行分析。研究表明： 甘姆奇克隧道的岩爆主要是由于本隧道的花岗闪长岩和正长斑岩属脆性围岩及围岩内赋存很高的水平向构造残余应力引起的； 隧道在埋深仅40 m的条件下就发生岩爆，且岩爆发生在拱顶-拱腰段，主要是由于与隧道轴线接近垂直的水平向地应力为最大主应力的缘故；该隧道的岩爆按形成机制可分为完整岩体的薄片状弹射、近水平向层状岩体折断崩落、岩块崩出+周边围岩塌落和边墙板状岩体折断崩出4种模式。

Mechanism of Rockburst of Qamchiq Tunnel in Uzbekistan

The rockburst mechanism of Qamchiq tunnel on Angren to Pop railway in Uzbekistan is analyzed on the basis of rockburst laws and the geological conditions of the tunnel. The study results show: 1) The surrounding rocks (granodiorite and syenite porphyry) and horizontal residual tectonic stress in the surrounding rocks are the main causes for the rockburst of Qamchiq tunnel. 2) The rockburst occurs to the tunnel beneath the cover depth of 40 m. 3) The rockburst occurs to the crown hance is mainly related to the maximum principal stress (horizontal ground stress). 4) The rockburst mode of the tunnel can be divided into 4 types， i.e. fiaky rock ejection, breakdown of nearly horizontal bedded rock, rock breakout+rock collapse and platy rock breakdown in side wall.