Optimization of terminal airspace operation with environmental considerations |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, United Kingdom;1. Federal University of Technology – Parana, Av. Dos Pioneiros, 3131, Londrina, PR 86036-370, Brazil;2. State University of Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, km 380, Londrina, PR 86051-990, Brazil;3. State University of Maringa, Av. Colombo, 5790 – Vila Esperança, Maringá, PR 87020-900, Brazil;4. Section of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Health Science Centre, State University of Londrina, Parana, Brazil;5. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil;6. Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guilford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom;7. Visiting Research at Lund University, Lund, Sweden;1. Eskisehir Technical University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, TR-26470 Eskisehir, Turkey;2. TEI, Eskisehir, Turkey;1. Department of Environmental Science and Management, Humboldt State University. 1 Harpst St, Arcata, CA 95521, United States;2. Schatz Energy Research Center, United States;3. Sustainable Transportation Initiative, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, United States;4. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, United States;1. Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, The University of Tennessee, United States;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & Senior Fellow, Howard H. Baker, Jr. Center for Public Policy, The University of Tennessee, United States;3. Travel Demand Modeler, Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), United States;1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building E40-240, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA;2. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 33-218, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA |
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| Abstract: | The rapid growth in air traffic has resulted in increased emission and noise levels in terminal areas, which brings negative environmental impact to surrounding areas. This study aims to optimize terminal area operations by taking into account environmental constraints pertaining to emission and noise. A multi-objective terminal area resource allocation problem is formulated by employing the arrival fix allocation (AFA) problem, while minimizing aircraft holding time, emission, and noise. The NSGA-II algorithm is employed to find the optimal assignment of terminal fixes with given demand input and environmental considerations, by incorporating the continuous descent approach (CDA). A case study of the Shanghai terminal area yields the following results: (1) Compared with existing arrival fix locations and the first-come-first-serve (FCFS) strategy, the AFA reduces emissions by 19.6%, and the areas impacted by noise by 16.4%. AFA and CDA combined reduce the emissions by 28% and noise by 38.1%; (2) Flight delays caused by the imbalance of demand and supply can be reduced by 72% (AFA) and 81% (AFA and CDA) respectively, compared with the FCFS strategy. The study demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed optimization framework to reduce the environmental impact in terminal areas while improving the operational efficiency, as well as its potential to underpin sustainable air traffic management. |
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| Keywords: | Aviation emissions and noise Terminal airspace Approach Multi-objective optimization |
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