带偏好的交叉航路角度优化模型

为揭示交叉航路结构对空中交通影响的内部机理，有效打通航路节点运行瓶颈，研究了航路交叉角度优化问题. 首先，在分析航班飞行时间和航班油耗与航路基本相交结构角度关系的基础上，构建了交叉航路角度结构；其次，基于交叉航路交通量分布特征，建立了飞行时间和油耗偏好的交叉航路角度优化模型；最后，选取典型交叉航路进行了模型验证. 研究结果表明:航班飞行时间和油耗存在线性负相关关系；单一考虑时间优化时，航班总运行成本增加0.54%，仅考虑油耗优化时，总成本减少2.89%；无偏好优化时，航班总运行成本减少3.82%；考虑偏好时，在时间权重系数等于0.4处取得极小值，此时总运行成本降低5.26%，且空域内油耗密度、飞行冲突次数和管制员工作负荷3个指标的均值分别降低20.41%、56.12%、46.24%；优化后构型对原始空域结构的平均角度扰动为11.88%. 

Air Route Crossing Angles Optimization Model with Different Preferences

In order to investigate the internal mechanism of influence on air traffic posed by airspace structure and to clear bottlenecks of air traffic operation at air transit network nodes, the optimization of air route crossing angles was studied. After analysing the relationship between flight time, fuel consumption, and the angles of basic intersection route structure, an integrated crossing route angle structure was set up. Then, based on the air traffic flow distribution trait of the crossing routes, a preference mathematical model was developed to optimize the crossing angles in terms of flight time and fuel consumption. Finally, a representative crossing route was selected to verify the proposed model. The results show a negative linear correlation between flight time and fuel consumption and a 0.54% increase in total flight costs if flight time is solely considered versus a 2.89% decrease if only fuel consumption is taken into account. There is, however, a 3.82% reduction in total flight costs without preferences or 5.26% （the minimum value of total flight costs obtained when flight time coefficient equals 0.4） with preferences. The average amounts of fuel consumption density, flight conflicts, and controller workloads also declined 20.41%, 56.12%, and 46.24%, respectively, but the original airspace angle structure changed a mere 11.88% after the optimization.